What is the discourse on Livy?
Discourses on Livy by Niccolo Machiavelli, the famous Italian philosopher, is considered one of his most instrumental and impressive works. Discourses on Livy is a work that examines how governments of his time should manage their people, goods, wealth, and other resources.
What is the subject matter of Machiavelli’s The Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy?
In the Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy Machiavelli undertook a wide-ranging comparison of ancient and modern states and societies, enlivened by a running contrast between the ancient Roman republic and modern Florence that gives the work much of its polemical force.
How many chapters are in Discourses on Livy?
Discourses on Livy comprises a dedication letter and three books with 142 numbered chapters. The first two books (but not the third) are introduced by unnumbered prefaces.
Were The Prince and the discourses on Livy published after his death?
Both books were first published only after Machiavelli’s death, the Discourses on Livy in 1531 and The Prince in 1532. They are distinguished from his other works by the fact that in the dedicatory letter to each he says that it contains everything he knows.
Who wrote discourses on the first ten books of Livy?
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) was the author of The Prince (1513-15), Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius (1513-17), The Art of War (1520), Florentine Histories (1520-25), and other works.
What is the theory of the four discourses?
Four discourses is a concept developed by French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. He argued that there were four fundamental types of discourse. He defined four discourses, which he called Master, University, Hysteric and Analyst, and suggested that these relate dynamically to one another.
What was the main idea of Machiavelli’s book?
The main idea of The Prince is for a ruler; the ends justify the means. Machiavelli argued that rulers should strive to maintain or expand their position, even if immoral acts are necessary to accomplish that goal.
What is Machiavelli’s theory?
As a political theorist, Machiavelli emphasized the “necessity” for the methodical exercise of brute force or deceit, including extermination of entire noble families, to head off any chance of a challenge to the prince’s authority.
What famous idea is discussed in Machiavelli’s book The Prince?
Machiavelli advises the ruler to become a “great liar and deceiver”, and that men are so easy to deceive, that the ruler won’t have an issue with lying to others. He justifies this by saying that men are wicked, and never keep their words, therefore the ruler doesn’t have to keep his.
What is the synopsis of the discourses?
The Discourses are Machiavelli’s commentaries on the republic of ancient Rome—how it is founded, maintained, and protected—and how Roman wisdom in the art of statecraft can be used by all republics. The Roman Republic is an early democracy that lasts from 509 BCE to 49 BCE.
How many books of Livy survive?
The last event covered by Livy is the death of Drusus in 9 BC. 35 of 142 books, about a quarter of the work, are still extant.
Why did Machiavelli write The Prince?
Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince to gain favor with Lorenzo de’ Medici. Machiavelli’s states in the book’s dedication that he would like to return to a position of authority and that he offers the advice contained in The Prince as the most precious gift he could offer.
What is the relationship between The Prince and the discourses?
The Prince was written to establish a unified state; the republic in the Discourses will maintain that stable and unified state. Academic Leo Strauss explains that Machiavelli wrote the Discourses to promote the imitation of ancient republics. Machiavelli longed for the rebirth of ancient republicanism .
What does Livy say is the purpose of history in his preface?
Answer and Explanation: Livy’s main goal in writing history was to show the character of the Roman people. He wrote his history to demonstrate how Rome became powerful and great not because they were gifted with natural resources but because of their virtue.
What did Titus Livy write?
Livy’s most famous work was his history of Rome. In it he narrates a complete history of the city of Rome, from its foundation to the death of Augustus. Because he was writing under the reign of Augustus, Livy’s history emphasizes the great triumphs of Rome.
What is the main idea of Discourses on Livy?
For at its heart, the Discourses comprise a work concerning itself with republics—founding them, making them strong, keeping them free. Despite his reputation for cynicism, the key assumption underlying Machiavelli’s work is that states, and their citizens, ought to be free.
Who is Lucretia in Livy?
The legend of Lucretia is reported by Livy in his Roman history. In his story, she was the daughter of Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus, sister of Publius Lucretius Tricipitinus, niece of Lucius Junius Brutus, and wife of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus (Conlatinus) who was the son of Egerius.
What are the 4 types of discourse?
The four types of discourse are description, narration, exposition and argumentation.
Who is the father of discourse theory?
In Europe, Michel Foucault became one of the key theorists of the subject, especially of discourse, and wrote The Archaeology of Knowledge.
What are the 4 purposes of discourse?
The four primary aims of discourse are to persuade, to inform, to discover for one’s own needs, and to create.
What was Machiavelli’s main message?
He argued to ignore reality, and to live up to an ideal would end in failure. He focused on effectiveness against moral considerations and argued the ends justified the means. He makes his readers confront important questions about morality and politics.
What is Machiavelli’s goal?
Answer & Explanation. Machiavelli’s primary goal for a ruler is to maintain power and control over their subjects. He believes that a ruler must prioritize their own survival and maintain their power above all else.
What is Machiavelli most famous for?
Niccolo Machiavelli was a Florentine Renaissance-born philosopher, public official, and author. He is most well-known for his political and war themed books of The Prince, Discourses on Livy, and The Art of War.
What is Machiavelli’s ideas?
As a political theorist, Machiavelli emphasized the occasional need for the methodical exercise of brute force or deceit, including extermination of entire noble families to head off any chance of a challenge to the prince’s authority.
What did Nietzsche think of Machiavelli?
In Beyond Good and 138 Nietzsche’s Machiavellian Politics Page 9 Evil, referring to The Prince, Nietzsche praises the ‘allegrissimo’ of Machiavelli’s style and Machiavelli’s ‘dangerous thoughts’ (BGE 28). So it is to these ‘dangerous thoughts’, to virtù and immoralism, that I will now turn my attention.
What are Machiavelli’s two famous sayings?
“The best fortress is to be found in the love of the people, for although you may have fortresses, they will not save you if you are hated by the people.” “Where the willingness is great, the difficulties cannot be great.”
Who wrote the first 10 books of Titus Livius?
Who wrote ‘Discours on the first ten of Titus Livy’?
Who translated Titus Livius?
Who wrote the Discourses on Livy?
The First Ten Books: A Foundation of Roman History
The first ten books of Livy’s *Ab Urbe Condita* cover a period from the legendary founding of Rome in 753 BCE to 293 BCE. Think of it like a captivating historical novel – Livy tells us about the Roman Republic’s origins, its early struggles, and its eventual rise to power. It’s like a front-row seat to the foundation of a civilization!
Within these books, Livy recounts stories we all know:
The founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus.
The legendary exploits of the Roman hero, Horatius Cocles.
The struggle against the Etruscans.
The early wars with neighboring tribes.
He even delves into the social and political turmoil that marked the early Roman Republic. We see the emergence of powerful figures like Cincinnatus and the conflict between patricians and plebeians.
Discourses: A Tapestry of Interpretations
Now, let’s get to the heart of the matter: the discourses on Livy’s first ten books. Think of it this way: it’s not just about reading the text and taking it at face value. It’s about engaging with the text, interpreting it, and discussing its relevance.
Over the centuries, scholars, historians, and even philosophers have offered their insights into Livy’s work. Here’s a glimpse into some of the key themes and interpretations:
1. The Historical Accuracy of Livy’s Account
One central question has always been: how accurate is Livy’s account? Was he a reliable historian, or did he embellish the stories to create a more dramatic narrative? Scholars have debated this for ages.
Livy’s own stated purpose was to inspire his readers with the virtues and achievements of the Romans. This has led to skepticism about his objectivity. But he also relied on earlier historical sources, which adds a layer of complexity. It’s a bit like a detective trying to piece together a case from fragmented evidence.
Was Livy a biased narrator? Or was he simply presenting the accepted narratives of his time? This is where critical analysis comes in. We need to look at the evidence, understand the context of Livy’s writing, and consider the potential influence of his own biases.
2. Livy and the Rise of Roman Imperialism
Livy’s work has been interpreted as a justification for Roman imperialism. He portrays the Romans as a powerful, virtuous people destined to rule over others. His description of Rome’s rise to dominance could be seen as a blueprint for the future expansion of the Roman Empire.
Does Livy glorify Roman expansion, or is he simply presenting the historical facts? This is another debate that has raged for centuries.
3. Livy and the Idea of Roman Virtus
Virtus – the Roman ideal of courage, discipline, and civic duty – permeates Livy’s narrative. He highlights the stories of Roman heroes who embodied these virtues, showcasing them as examples for future generations. He shows us how these values contributed to the rise of Rome.
How does Livy’s depiction of virtus shape our understanding of Roman culture? Does his portrayal reflect the reality of Roman society? Or is it a constructed ideal, perhaps even a propaganda tool to promote a certain way of thinking?
4. Livy and the Role of Fate and Fortune
Livy’s writing often references the role of fate and fortune in shaping historical events. He suggests that divine intervention and chance played a part in Rome’s rise to power. He seems to suggest that Rome’s success wasn’t just due to its own efforts, but also due to something larger than itself.
Does Livy’s emphasis on fate and fortune undermine the idea of human agency? Or does he simply acknowledge the unpredictable nature of history?
Navigating the Discourses: A Personal Journey
As you engage with these discourses, you’ll embark on a personal journey of exploration and discovery. It’s about:
Reading Livy’s text with a critical eye.
Considering the different interpretations offered by scholars.
Forming your own opinions.
It’s a process of intellectual engagement, where you learn to think critically about history, power, and the role of storytelling in shaping our understanding of the past.
FAQs: Let’s Answer Some Common Questions
1. What is the best way to understand Livy’s writing?
Immerse yourself in the context: Learn about the Roman world, its social structures, its values, and its political landscape.
Study the sources: Explore the earlier historical accounts that Livy used.
Consider Livy’s biases: Recognize that his work reflects his own perspectives and values.
Engage with secondary sources: Read the interpretations of historians and literary scholars.
2. How do I find reliable information about Livy?
Look for scholarly books and articles: Seek out publications by reputable historians and academics.
Consult online databases: Explore digital resources like JSTOR or Project MUSE.
Visit libraries: Libraries have vast collections of books and journals dedicated to Roman history.
3. Why should I care about Livy’s work?
Understanding the foundations of Western civilization: Livy’s *Ab Urbe Condita* offers valuable insights into the origins of Roman civilization.
Appreciating the power of storytelling: Livy’s narrative skills are remarkable. He weaves a compelling story that continues to captivate readers.
Developing critical thinking skills: Analyzing Livy’s work helps us learn to question sources, evaluate evidence, and form informed opinions.
4. What are some key themes to explore in Livy’s first ten books?
The role of myth and legend in shaping Roman identity.
The interplay of religion and politics in early Roman society.
The development of Roman military power.
The struggle for social equality between patricians and plebeians.
The evolving nature of Roman law and justice.
5. How do I find the best translations of Livy’s work?
Look for translations by respected classicists: Check the credentials of the translators and their expertise in Latin.
Consider the target audience: Choose a translation that is appropriate for your level of understanding.
Read different translations: Comparing multiple translations can help you appreciate the nuances of Livy’s language.
Conclusion
The discourses surrounding Livy’s first ten books are a rich and rewarding tapestry of interpretation. By engaging with these discussions, we gain a deeper understanding of Livy’s work, the history of early Rome, and the enduring power of narrative in shaping our understanding of the past. Remember, it’s a journey of discovery – one where you can explore, analyze, and ultimately, form your own conclusions.
Discourses on the First Ten Books of – Marxists Internet Archive
Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius. Written: 1513; Translated: by Christian E Detmold, 1882; Source: The On-Line Library of Liberty; HTML Mark-Up: Andy Marxists Internet Archive
Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy | work by Machiavelli
Niccolò Machiavelli. Born: May 3, 1469, Florence [Italy] Died: June 21, 1527, Florence (aged 58) Notable Works: “Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy”. “Florentine Histories”. Britannica
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The prince / translated from the Italian by Luigi Ricci ; revised by E.R.P. Vincent. — Discourses on the first ten books of Titus Livius / translated from the Italian by Christian E. Detmold Archive
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Discourses of Niccolo Machiavelli. 1513 – Marxists Internet Archive
Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius. THIRD BOOK. Chapter I. To insure a long existence to religious sects or republics, it is necessary frequently to bring them Marxists Internet Archive
Discourses – Machiavelli – constitution
DISCOURSES OF NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI ON THE FIRST TEN (BOOKS) OF TITUS LIVIUS TO ZANOBI BUONDELMONTI AND COSIMO RUCELLAI FIRST BOOK When I Constitution Society
Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius
Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius. The Discourses on Livy is a work of political history and philosophy written in the early 16th century (ca. 1517) by the Italian Google Books
The Discourses on Livy – Bloomsbury
NICOLÒ MACHIAVELLI, DISCOURSES ON LIVY1 The Discourses on Livy analyze the history of Rome written by Titus Livius, or Livy, who lived in the late years of the Roman bloomsbury.com
Discourses on the first Ten (Books) of Titus Livius
Livius gives testimony of this in many places, and mainly in the war with Hannibal, where he shows that when the Samnites were pressed by a legion of who were at Nola, they IntraText Digital Library
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