What is the difference between Schelling and Hegel?
Unlike his contemporaries (Hegel, Schopenhauer), Schelling never created a system. He produced at least four different philosophical positions (nature-philosophy, philosophy of identity, philosophy of freedom, philosophy of revelation), with ambiguous if not contradictory relations among them.
What is the idealism of Fichte?
While the I posits itself as well as the not-I, Fichte thinks the I must posit itself as an individual among other individuals, if it is to posit itself “as a rational being with self-consciousness.” The presence of others checks the freedom of the I, because the principles of morality and natural right both require …
What is the difference between Kant and Fichte?
Kant tends to subsume action to cognition, figuring both the works of nature and the acts of free beings as specimens of causality, while Fichte offers a more provocative construction of cognition based on original or unconstrained activity.
What is the difference between Hegel and Feuerbach?
Unlike Hegel, who conceives of Unhappy Consciousness as a moment in the development of human self-consciousness that is also a moment in the coming-to-be-for-itself of the absolute, Feuerbach has by this time reached the conclusion that one cannot distinguish absolute spirit from “subjective spirit or the essence of …
What is the Fichte’s system?
The foundation of Fichte’s system is intellectual intuition, pure thinking of itself, pure self-consciousness, Ego = Ego, I am. The Absolute is Subject-Object, and the Ego is this identity of subject and object. In ordinary consciousness the Ego occurs in opposition.
What was Fichte’s objection to Kant?
As a further consequence of rejecting the thing in itself, he also rejects Kant’s effort to combine both subjective and objective sources in a single cognitive approach. In short, Fichte thinks that Kant inconsistently relies on a mind-independent noumenon that is incompatible with the critical philosophy.
What are the most important works of Fichte?
This (at the very least proto-)phenomenological approach can, to some extent or another, be found already in Fichte’s major work from the 1790’s (Science of Knowledge(1794/95); Foundations of Natural Right (1795-96) and The System of Ethics (1798)), but seems to become more prominent and distinctive in his later, post- …
What is Fichte and the relationship between right and morality?
Fichte begins his Grundlage des Naturrechts (1796) with an explicit rejection of his earlier conception of the relationship between right and morality: It is misguided, he claims, to attempt to derive a theory of right from the moral law; right is not to be understood as merely a “chapter” within moral theory but as “a …
Which are Kant’s two main types of imperatives?
Types of Imperatives Only hypothetical and categorical imperatives were acknowledged by Kant’s philosophy. The categorical imperative is a moral imperative, but it is not a hypothetical imperative. A hypothetical imperative is a goal-driven imperative that may be rational, but it is not concerned with morality.
What is the most fundamental difference between Kantianism and utilitarianism?
Kantianism focuses on the action and utilitarianism focuses on the consequences. At the very core of this is the debate between consequentialism and deontology, and of whether the ends do or do not justify the means.
What is Feuerbach’s theory?
Feuerbach inverted Hegel’s theory by stating that the divine is an abstraction and reification of human thought. With this theory, Feuerbach stated that religion is human-made and redundant. Feuerbach’s theory of the non-existence of god was created during the 19th century and corresponds with post-theism.
Why did Hegel disagree with Kant?
Now, put at its simplest, Hegel’s empty formalism objection is that precisely because Kant is operating here in purely formal terms, by trying to determine what is right and wrong by testing to see whether a maxim does or does not lead to a contradiction when universalized in this way, the FUL cannot in fact plausibly …
Why did Kierkegaard disagree with Hegel?
Kierkegaard then levels against Hegel the charge that his Science of Logic is not a logical system but is a more or less veiled attempt to be an existential system; the existential character of the system is revealed — all according to Kierkegaard — by the fact that Hegel identifies thought and being, subject and …
What is the philosophy of Fichte?
In the 1794/95 Foundations Fichte expresses the content of the Tathandlung in its most general form as “the I posits itself absolutely.” Fichte is suggesting that the self, which he typically refers to as “the I,” is not a static thing with fixed properties, but rather a self-producing process.
What is Hegel’s philosophy?
Hegel) includes the following principles: (1) the everyday world of things and persons is not the world as it really is but merely as it appears in terms of uncriticized categories; (2) the best reflection of the world is in terms of a self-conscious mind; (3) thought is the relation of each particular experience with …
What did Fichte say?
According to Fichte, the self must already have some prior acquaintance with itself, independent of the act of reflection (“no object comes to consciousness except under the condition that I am aware of myself, the conscious subject”). This idea is what Henrich called Fichte’s original insight.
What is freedom according to Fichte?
Fichte equates absolute freedom with volition, conceived as “the free transition from determinability to determination with consciousness of the transition.” This requires both that we be the absolute source of our actions and that we have a plurality of possible actions available to us.
What is subjective idealism in Fichte?
Fichte’s subjective idealism The philosophy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte, the first of the three great German Idealists, has also been characterized as subjective idealism because, unlike his successors Schelling and Hegel, he found the source of his idealism in the “I” or Ego.
Was Fichte a liberal?
Fichte’s political philosophy was not static. As he grew older he adopted less liberal positions. But for all this, he maintained the view that, as he put it in his Staatslehre, one day the “whole human race on earth will be encompassed in a single…
Why is Fichte’s philosophy so important?
What was the relationship between Fichte and Schelling?
What are the two sides of Fichte’s system?
What is Fichte’s principle of speculation?
Okay, so you’re interested in German Idealism, right? You’ve probably heard of Kant, and maybe even Hegel, but what about Fichte and Schelling? These guys were big players in the movement, and understanding their philosophical systems is crucial for grasping the entire picture.
Today, we’re going to dive deep into the difference between Fichte and Schelling. It’s not just about names and dates; it’s about how they thought about reality, knowledge, and the self. Get ready because we’re going on a philosophical journey!
Fichte: The Ego and the Non-Ego
Let’s start with Fichte. He’s like the OG of German Idealism. He took Kant’s ideas and ran with them. He didn’t just analyze the *categories of understanding*, he wanted to understand how the self actually constructs reality. His system is all about the ego.
Fichte’s big idea is that the ego is the absoluteground of reality. The ego isn’t just some part of us; it’s the foundation of everything. The ego doesn’t just know the world; it creates the world.
Think of it this way: you’re not just looking at a tree; you’re actually creating the experience of the tree in your mind. The ego is like a powerful artist, painting the world with its own thoughts and perceptions.
This leads to a bit of a head-scratcher. How can the ego be both the subject and the object of knowledge? Well, Fichte says it’s all about “self-positing”. The egoposits itself as a subject by positing a non-ego as an object. So, you have this constant interplay between the ego and the non-ego, and that’s how the world comes to be.
Schelling: The Absolute and the Unity of Subject and Object
Now, Schelling comes along and says, “Hold on a minute, Fichte! You’ve got the ego all wrong.” Schelling thinks the ego isn’t the ultimate source of reality. He introduces the Absolute – something even bigger than the ego.
For Schelling, the Absolute is the ground of all being. It’s this primordial force that contains both subject and object, mind and nature, in a unity. Think of it like a giant ocean, where the waves are the ego and the non-ego constantly swirling together.
Schelling argues that Fichte forgot about nature. He got so focused on the ego that he kind of ignored the objective world. Schelling brings back the natural world by claiming that it’s also a part of the Absolute.
Here’s where things get interesting. Schelling thinks that knowledge isn’t just about self-consciousness; it’s about contemplating the Absolute. You have to look beyond your own ego and into the unity of all things to truly understand the world. It’s like a cosmic meditation session.
The Key Differences: Fichte vs. Schelling
So, let’s break down the key differences between these two thinkers:
Fichte:
* Ego is the absolute
* Egoconstructs reality
* Focus on self-consciousness
* Non-Ego is the object of the ego
Schelling:
* Absolute is the ground of being
* Absolute contains both subject and object
* Focus on the unity of subject and object
* Nature is a part of the Absolute
Fichte and Schelling: A Philosophical Dance
It’s not like Fichte and Schelling were enemies. Actually, they were close friends and collaborators for a while. They had their own way of seeing things, and their ideas interacted and influenced each other. Think of it like a philosophical dance, where each thinker takes turns leading, creating a dynamic interplay between ego and Absolute.
FAQs
Now, let’s answer some burning questions you might have about Fichte and Schelling.
Q: Why should I care about these guys?
A: Understanding Fichte and Schelling is essential for grasping the entire history of German Idealism. They were pioneers who pushed the boundaries of philosophical thought and helped shape the ideas of later thinkers like Hegel and Marx.
Q: How are Fichte and Schelling different from Kant?
A: Kant established the groundwork with his critique of reason. He showed that our knowledge is limited by the structure of our minds. Fichte and Schelling took this a step further by focusing on the active role of the self in constructing reality.
Q: What’s the deal with the Absolute?
A: The Absolute is a tricky concept. It’s not something you can point to or grab with your hands. It’s more like a principle or a force that underlies everything. Think of it as the ultimate source of being.
Q: Does Schelling have a point about nature?
A: Schelling’s emphasis on nature is significant because it brings back the objective world into the picture. He reminds us that the self doesn’t exist in a vacuum; it’s constantly interacting with and shaped by its environment.
Q: So, what’s the ultimate answer?
A: There’s no easy answer here. The beauty of philosophy is that it’s all about asking questions and exploring different perspectives. Both Fichte and Schelling offer valuable insights into the nature of reality and the self. It’s up to you to decide which ideas resonate with you the most.
That’s it! Hopefully, this explanation has helped you understand the key differences between Fichte and Schelling. Remember, German Idealism is a vast and complex field, so don’t be afraid to keep exploring and asking questions. You might just find yourself uncovering new philosophical insights.
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The Difference Between Fichte’s and Schelling’s System of
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In this essay, Hegel attempted to show how Fichte’s Science of Knowledge was an advance from the position of Kant in the Critique of Pure Reason, and how Schelling Google Books
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The Difference Between Fichte’s and Schelling’s System of Philosophy.@@@Faith and Knowledge. J. P. Anton, G. Hegel, +2 authors. W. Cerf. Published 1 March 1980. Semantic Scholar
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